NAMA : ANNISA
ZAHRA
NPM : 21213168
KELAS: 3EB24
ASSIGNMENTS
A. Degrees of Comparison
The Degrees of Comparison in
English grammar are made with the Adjective and Adverb words to show how big or
small, high or low, more or less, many or few, etc., of the qualities, numbers
and positions of the nouns (persons, things and places) in comparison to the
others mentioned in the other part of a sentence or expression.
An Adjective is
a word which qualifies (shows how big, small, great, many, few, etc.) a noun or
a pronoun is in a sentence. An adjective can be attributive (comes before a
noun) or predicative (comes in the predicate part):
e.g. He is a tall man.
(‘tall’ — adjective – attributive)
This man is tall. (‘tall’ —
adjective – predicative)
An Adverb is a
word which adds to the meaning of the main verb (how it is done, when it is
done, etc.) of a sentence or expression.
It normally ends with ‘ly’, but
there are some adverbs that are without ‘ly’:
e.g. She ate her lunch
quickly. He speaks clearly. They type fast.
Kinds of comparison:
1.
POSITIVE DEGREE:
e.g. Tom is tall a boy.
In this
sentence the word ‘tall’ is an adjective telling us how Tom is. There is no other person or thing in this
sentence used to compare Tom with, but it is the general way of saying about
persons, animals and things that they have some quality (here ‘tallness’) above
average in general sense. The adjective word ‘tall’ is said to be in the “positive form”.
This comparison
is called “positive degree” comparison. There are two more comparisons with the
‘positive form’ of the adjective words. They are:
1.
Degree of Equality: This comparison is used to
compare two persons, animals or things to tell us that they are equal – having
the same quality.
e.g. There are two cats with
the same height and weight, and look the same except for the colour.
Therefore we
say:
e.g. The brown cat is as beautiful as the grey cat. (= Both the cats are the same.)
The word
“beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction
as…as it expresses the ‘degree of
equality’.
2.
Degree of
Inequality: This comparison is used to compare two persons, animals or things
to tell us that they are not equal – not having the same quality.
e.g. The brown cat is not so beautiful as the black & white
cat. (= They are not the same.)
The word
“beautiful” is an adjective in the ‘positive form’, and with the conjunction
so…as (and the negative ‘not’) it expresses the ‘degree of inequality’
Example of Positive Degree :
1.
The task is not as difficult as you imagine.
2.
He drives as carefully as my father in the
residential area.
3.
Tom is tall a boy
4.
It is a tall building.
5.
Apple is sweet to taste.
2. COMPARATIVE DEGREE:
e.g. Tom is a tall boy. Tom is taller than his sister.
In the second
sentence the word ‘taller’ is an adjective used to compare the ‘tallness’ of
these two persons – Tom and his sister – and to tell us that Tom has more of
the quality of ‘tallness’.
Therefore, an
adjective word which shows the difference of quality between twotwo groups of
persons, animals or things is said to be in the ‘comparative form’. persons,
animals or things, or. This comparison is called “Comparative Degree”.
There are two
more degrees of comparison with the ‘comparative form’ of an adjective. They
are:
1.
Parallel
Degree: This comparison is used to show that the qualities of two items
(adjectives or adverbs) talked about in the given sentence go parallel, i.e. if
one quality (adjective or adverb) increases, the other quality (adjective or
adverb) increases, and if one quality decreases, the other quality also
decreases.
e.g. The bigger the box, the heavier it is.
2.
Progressive Degree: This comparison is used to
show that the quality of a thing (adjective or adverb) talked about in the
given sentence increases as the time passes,
for example:
MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
25° → 27° → 30° → 33° →
35°
→ 38° → 40°
It’s getting
hotter and hotter day by day. [as the
time passes the temperature increases] OR The days are getting hotter and
hotter.
Example of Comparative Degree:
1.
Tom is a tall boy. Tom is taller than his sister
2.
Your heart is colder than ice.
3.
I ran faster than you did.
4.
This building is taller than any other building.
5.
Apple is sweeter than pear.
3. SUPERLATIVE DEGREE:
e.g. A musk ox is a large animal.
An elephant is larger than a musk ox. The blue whale is the largest of all
animals. The blue whale is the largest of all animals in the world.
In this
sentence the word (the) ‘largest’ is an adjective used to compare the
“largeness” of the blue whale and to tell us that the blue whale has the most
quality of ‘largeness’.
This comparison
is used to compare one person, animal or thing with more than two persons,
animals or things (the rest of the group of more than two), and to say that the
particular one has the highest degree of that particular quality (here the comparison is
between the blue whale and the rest of the animals, more than two). The
adjective ‘large’ is said to be in the ‘superlative form’. This comparison is
called “Superlative Degree”.
Example of Superlative Degree:
1.
The blue whale is the largest of all animals in
the world.
2.
Your heart is the coldest of all.
3.
I run the fastest in my class.
4.
This is the tallest building.
5.
Apple is the sweetest fruit.
B. Question Words
There are a
number of words in the English language that are used primarily to make
questions; these words are ‘question words’, sometimes known as ‘WH question
words’, owing to the fact that all of them start with the letter ‘w’, except
one which starts with ‘h’.
1.
What
‘What’ is used when asking for
information about something, as in example:
1. What did you do last evening?
2. What
would you like for dinner?
3. What did you say when you were caught?
4. What
is your age and name?
2.
When
‘When’ is used when asking for
time, as in example:
1. When do you arrive?
2. When is the show?
3. When
did that happen?
4. When
did you leave the office yesterday?
3.
Where
‘Where’ is used when asking for
place, as in example:
1. Where
do we go now?
2. Where have you kept the book?
3. Where do you go for your tuitions?
4. Where
do they live?
4.
Who
‘Who’ is used when asking for
identity of person or persons (subject), as in example:
1. Who
is that?
2. Who
wrote Moby Dick?
3. Who
called earlier?
4. Who
opened the door?
5.
Whom
‘Whom’ is used when asking what
or which person or people (object), as in example:
Whom did you
see?
6.
Whose
‘Whose’ is used when asking about
possession, as in example:
1. Whose
car is this?
2. Whose
place are you staying at?
3. Whose
are these shoes?
4. Whose
are these bag?
7.
Which
‘Which’ is used to ask about
choice, as in example:
1. Which
flavour of ice cream would you like?
2. Which
route do you think we should take?
3. Which
of the two is better?
4. Which
colour do you want?
8.
Why
‘Why’ is used when asking for
reasons, as in example:
1. Why
would you say something like that?
2. Why
does the food smell bad?
3. Why
did you not go for work today?
4. Why
do you say that?
9.
How
‘How’ is used when asking about
manner or quality or condition, as in example:
1. How
did you do that?
2. How
was the movie?
3. How
is life?
4. How
does this work?
C. 5W+1H in English Newspaper
Go-Jek cited amid limited innovations at IDB forum
Discussing innovation among less-developed countries is a
challenge. (What are the challenges for developing countries?)
Indonesia’s finance minister chose to talk about transportation
application Go-Jek to inspire the members of the Islamic Development Bank ( IDB
), many of which are less-developed countries, about a simple yet meaningful
innovation. (Who is talking about to inspire the members of the Islamic
Development Bank (IDB)?)
Islamic finance is expected to help achieve the UN Sustainable
Development Goals ( SDGs ). More innovation is needed to create sustainable
development, but it is a great challenge as most IDB members, which have many
SDG targets to achieve, are less-developed countries with limited ability to
invest in research and development. (Why Islamic finance is expected to
help achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?)
The IDB Group's board of governors chairman, Bambang Brodjonegoro, said
the drive for innovation in Islamic finance should come from two elements:
competition and limitation. The Indonesian finance minister said simple
innovations could result in business and employment. (What was said by Bambang
Brodjonegoro as the board of governors chairman in The IDB Group’s of the drive
for innovation in Islamic finance?)
"In order to compete, to survive, you can come up with a simple
innovation but a very powerful one," Bambang said at the IDB's 41st
annual meeting in Jakarta on Wednesday. (When and where he gave a speech?)
Citing Go-Jek as example, he said the chronic congestion in the
capital city had led to a simple innovation involving ojek ( motorcycle taxis
), to help people avoid the traffic. "[…] an Indonesian entrepreneur came
up with an innovation to create an application for ojek. We call it Go-Jek,
which allows you to order ojek using a cell phone," he explained. (What he
cited as an example of an innovation?)
As people responded well, Go-Jek then expanded, providing
services from taxis to food delivery, Bambang told the audience. The innovation
made living in Jakarta more comfortable, proving that simple innovations do not
only mean good business, but also result in people's economic development. (How
people respond to the application Go-Jek?)
IDB Group president Ahmad Muhamed Ali acknowledged a disparity in
finding such solutions among its 57 member countries as many are less-developed
countries. He called on IDB members to catch up by innovating. "We urge
member countries to provide investments in research and development and improve
human resources," he said. (What solutions provided by the IDB Group
President Ahmad Muhamed Ali to catch up with developed countries?)
(ags)
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